OCR G322 - Casualty (Disability) mock question

In this clip disability is represented through three different people and each of these people represent the stereotype of vulnerable. The first character which we see is seen throughout most of the clip. When we first see him he appears aggressive and seeking sympathy. We can see this because he is using his disability as a reason to be unpleasant and to not act as though he is happy with his life. His brother then tries to avoid the situation by pushing him out of the store. This shows the vulnerability of the disabled brother as his able bodied brother is able just to wheel him out of the store and therefore has more power over him. 

The next scene where we see this disabled boy, he and his brother are in the disabled toilet together. His able bodied brother is having to help him go to the toilet. Doing this shows he is vulnerable because he cannot do every day things such as going to the toilet without help. The disabled boy also says to his brother how he is going to look into getting a 'carer'. This suggests that he has the stereotype of vulnerable because he cannot look after himself and will need someone there to constantly help him. It is also suggesting that he feels as though he is a burden to his brother and will need somebody else to help him with everyday things. In this scene, the able bodied brother has more camera time and more prominence over the camera, suggesting that he as more power than his disabled brother. This gives the stereotype of vulnerable because he has less power and would be more vulnerable compared to his brother. When looking in the mirror the able bodied brother is also bigger and higher than his disabled brother. This again gives the implementation that he is more powerful and is superior to him, most likely due to his disability. 

The final scene in which this disabled character is in is in the cafe. When receiving their coffee, the disabled brother receives an extra biscuit. By giving him extra food would suggest that the woman in the cafe pities him and wants to treat him. This would give the stereotype of vulnerable because people feel pity for him because he is different and incapable of doing things for himself. He therefore is seen to stand out against other people and look inferior to able bodied people. When leaving the cafe the camera also has to be lower when filming him, this would suggest that he is lower and weaker to his able bodied brother. The able bodied woman and brother also have to hold the doors open for him. This again shows how he is incapable of doing simple things himself and needs the support of others. This shows his vulnerability because it conveys that if he was to be on his own he would not be able to do simple things such as opening a door and would be stuck. 

The next character we see with a disability is the man in the ambulance. He is not shown as frequently throughout the clip but nevertheless shows the stereotype of disability. When in the ambulance he has blood on his face and is being supported by a neck brace. The blood and neck brace suggest vulnerability because the blood is causing him danger and 

To what extent does digital distribution affect the marketing and consumption of media products in the media area you have studied?

As the music industry has developed and changed a lot has happened in the terms of digital media, distribution being one of the main developments. The Majors (Sony) have had to adapt to this, as well as Independent (Indie) Record Lables (Domino). However the audience has seemed to of blossom in this new age, becoming more active in there own age of music (prosumers). Then you have unique individuals like Beck 'Score and Song Reader' who have completely changed the way things are done in the music industry with their D.I.Y attitude.

Major record labels are greatly effected by digital distribution. Sony, is one of the big three a group of the most influental companies in the music industry, so much so that they own over 78% of the muisc industry, alot less than they used to but still powerful. The big three however used to be the big four; EMI was a previous major but was shut down as the technology age came about and more importantly the internet, this was as they tried to stop things like copyright infringement. This more importantly is digital distribution as the internet allows audiences to download for free. Then there is the matter of marketing, the usual typical way of advertisement was through billboard, radio, tv etc. However with the new Digital age they've had to adapt there marketing techniques this though is done in hidden ways. A huge successful way that Sony has used to advertise their music is through X-Factor a hit TV show all over the world, but mostly sticks to western cultures. Using there subsidiary label SyCo they have worked in the backgrounds hitting the charts as there mainstream audiences follow the trends of downloading the music from the favourite artist on the show. This is there main adaptation, also due to website allowing free access to music as well as downloads they have also had to change the way the audience consumes the music. With little to no money in buying music they instead make people pay for the experience. Tickets to attend these X-Factor live performances are greatly expensive so they get what they lose in music sales on ticket sales. Also, the idea that you can 'vote' in X-Faxtor is a fraud you vote for Sony statistics, they want to know what the audience thinks and the audience truly believe they keep the ones that they know the audience would like, not only for the music but for the looks. Visualisation is a huge part of the X-Factor, it has got the artists where they are now. An example of this would be one-direction a world famous group that is more famous for there looks and style then their actual music. In conclusion, you could say at first Sony were greatly affected by this new digital age but have learnt to adapt their marketing and consumption techniques to suit there large mainstream audiences by not directing their focus on the music and becoming even more vertically and horizontally integrated in the music business, this is only enhanced through visualisation.

Then there are Independent record label (Indies), not as large as majors, but they have thrived in this new digital age. The indie label I looked into was Domino. Indie labels typically have niche audiences, which are loyal to them a community almost. This means that they don't need to reach out to advertise their artists or their music. The audience would go to them and their website is full of promotions for each and every artist. With there more famous artists however, such as 'The Arctic Monkeys' they get there fans to advertise their music, they either follow the group or artist on a social networking site and will spread news fast of a new song, album or event happening. Furthermore as the artists have Niche audiences they get more money as their audience wants them to succeed, wants them to produce more as they are a loyal fan base, completely different to mainstream downloaders. But much like majors, Indies still use the same methods to sell the music to their audience which means that if there artists do become famous, such as The Arctic Monkeys, then mainstream audiences would illegally download the songs and the hard work that the niche audiences have put in to helping them succeed wouldn't have done much good for the group in the long run. Also they don't need to reach out to find new artists, the audience finds them for the label. So, overall, for Indie they depend on the internet in order to keep going like they are and even make themselves better. Some Indie labels like domino have started to reach to audiences at a national level which is only really possible due to digital advancement. So it greatly effects indie labels, but in a good way as it has helped them reach out and develop to next levels.

The audience has embraced the digital age with open arms. The part of the audience that is prosumers works hard in order to make their own music. However this isn't their own as they haven't produced the  music in its original form only mash it up along with other song but the amount of songs can vary depending on the Prosumer. This however goes back to Sony as even though it is huge copyright infringement the audience, but this is free advertisement for them as eventually the prosumers become quite famous. Madeon, a french prosumer, has become quite famous due to his music 'music culture'. However all prosumers are online and there advertisement comes from a slow growing fan base that they hope would tell their friends about them. But prosumers do this for free however they can put there music on places like iTunes, but it is incredibly expensive so for the most part they keep there music on free sites as unless they are really successful like Madeon then there music won't really sell. So prosumers don't really gain anything from the new digital gain anything, they just help promote other artists as well as leave viewers wanting to listen or buy one of the song in the mash-up so they help both majors and indies. So in the case of prosumers digital distribution is affected to help the labels as prosumers mashup-ups not only apply to mainstream but also niche audiences.

The D.I.Y (Do it yourself) attitude has spread across niche audiences with the help of Beck. He is an independent artist that has posted his music sheets online that his niche audience, especially the part of the audience that performs music. Beck uses his audience to market his songs as he doesn't stick to a specific genre of people meaning that his niche audience is more widespread. This means that when his music is reproduced there is larger fan base. But Becks' D.IY attitude has really flipped the stereotypical   ideals of music as by letting people use his music he is advertising himself and his music. Also as these are niche audiences the new artists would need to give credit to beck who would then be getting a larger fan base as everyone would want to hear the original version. This is his marketing, through digital media and more importantly free sights such as YouTube, he has largely promoted his audience. This then means a larger consumption rate. Furthermore if the artist become quite popular then beck could perform/tour with them as he owns the rights to the song. So all in all digital distribution has affected the D.I.Y attitude in the sense that it has given it the opportunity to expand.

In conclusion, you could say that digital distribution has effected marketing and consumption greatly. But this is both for the good and the bad as it has allowed everything to expand massively and fully allow it to reach its potential. Even majors who at first greatly opposed of this found that digital media has effected to the point where it has become better.

Going over Music industry

Discuss the issues raised by media ownership in the production and exchange of texts?
 - EMI
 - Synergy
 - Vertically and Horizontally integrated

Conclusion

Many issues could be raised by media ownership. Prosumers could be seen as one of the most important influential group in ownership as they own nothing and yet they still have freedom to do so. Prosumers are the main reason that PDE have blended together as they don't stick to the music traditions. But there is also the issues with sony and the other majors, this is their music being used and posted all over the internet and they have little to no control over it, which companies that own over 70% of the music industry wouldn't like. EMI, a previous major that was shut down, has shown the other majors that trying to control the internet in terms of ownership don't get them anywhere as the world is on the internet so they have to embrace this copyright infringement.

BECK AND INDIES

Music Industry - mock exam

To what extent does digital distribution affect the marketing and consumption of media products in the media area you have studied?

Digital distribution affects both the artists and audience. For major labels and independent labels it means audience can access their music for free and are also able to give their feedback on the music. Prosumers also use digital distribution to get their music and produce their music. Digital distribution has also meant that beck can use music produced by his audience and distribute it online. Digital distribution has meant that production, distribution and exchange have all blurred together in some way. 

Major labels have been affected by the introduction of digital distribution as their music is now not only in shops but online on sites such as Spotify, Soundcloud and on iTunes. The marketing of major labels now being online means that they are less likely to get an income from selling their music, meaning the only way they can make money is through live performances. However, the major labels have had to adjust to this as if they do not 'connect' with the audience then they will 'die'. EMI are an example of a major label who did not adjust to the new ways of selling music and were shut down because they did not connect with the audience. Major labels distributing their music digitally is also an advantage for the audience as they can now access their music for free. They can also leave their feedback on the music meaning the record labels will be able to see what the audiences like and develop their music to their taste. Major labels also use TV to distribute their music. For example Sony uses the TV show X factor to promote their music and to find a new artist for their record label. Using X factor is a way of digitally distributing their music as they will only select the songs to be sung from their record label; this is called synergy. The audiences will then be interested in buying/listening to that old song again or the song sung by the contestant on X factor. Major labels can also use digital distribution to their advantage because mainstream audiences now care more about the appearance of the music rather than the music itself. Digital distribution will support this as with distribution such as YouTube or X factor it is all about the image. Therefore people will watch it even more as they care more for the visualisation than the music. This means these songs will then become more popular, may be bought and therefore making more money for Sony. Major labels are therefore affected by digital distribution in positive and negative ways. They can connect to their audience better and get feedback from them, however they are conclusively losing money as the audience rarely pay for their music. 

 Indie labels have effectively become more popular due to digital distribution. Using digital distribution the record label can now get their music more global, consequently gaining a bigger audience. Indie labels will then become more successful as their previous niche audience will become international. Audiences becoming more aware of indie labels also gives them more a varied choice of music rather than just mainstream. They can then give their feedback to the indie labels, shaping the future of the production of music from the indie label, similarly with the major label. The effect of digital distribution on indie labels is very similar to major record labels as their music is now less likely to get bought, however they can now get reviews and a more global market. Conclusively, indie label music has now become more worldwide thanks to digital distribution and therefore more popular. Audiences also now have a more varied choice of music and can also access indie label's music for free.

Prosumers have had a huge advantage thanks to digital distribution. Prosumers can now access major labels and indie label's music for free and recycle their music to create their own. Being able to access this music is also thanks to digital distribution as most music is now online on sites such as YouTube or Soundcloud. Prosumers can then create their own music using recycled music and distribute it on the sites where they found the music. Using digital distribution they can then get their music noticed and eventually gain a bigger audience. Madeon is an example of a prosumer which has been successful in his work and his created music from lots of other songs. When prosumers then upload their music online they can then get feedback from the audience and find out what they like, again shaping their future production. Prosumers are an example of how PDE have all been blended together, and this is all due to digital distribution. 

DIY music has also had an advantage due to digital distribution. Beck is an example of a DIY music creator as he has written the music and then gives out the written music to his audience. With digital distribution Beck has been able to get the different creations of his music heard and therefore sell his music. People are then also more likely to hear of him and what he does and be interested in trying it for themselves, getting Beck more popular and obtaining a global audience. Beck's music shows how his audience produce his music, he then distributes it and gets feedback (Exchange) from the audience. Again, digital distribution is shown to have an effect on PDE as it has been blurred together.

In conclusion, digital distribution has affected marketing and consumption as the audience are now more involved. It has affected consumption because the audience can now access music for free, meaning prosumers can create more of their own music with little cost, and majors and indies have to connect more with their audience to allow them to take their music for free. Digital distribution also helps with the new idea of visualisation because music videos are now shown online and through TV, meaning those that are more interested in image will be satisfied with watching their music online. Audiences also become more involved as through digital distribution they can now give their feedback online, therefore shaping the future of production. 

Independent label & artist

Domino recording company

Domino recording company are an independent record label which are based in London and was founded in 1993. The record label have the genre of Indie rock and Indie pop. One of the artists they have signed are Arctic Monkeys which are a very well known band, however many of the other artists which they have signed are not very well known such as ducktails, junior boys and pavement. 

Marketing
The record label will benefit from new media technology in marketing because of ads which can often be found on websites and music sites such as Spotify and YouTube. They can now advertise their music on websites such as these and people will often look at new music  through these ads. 

Distribution
The record label will benefit from new media technology in distribution because they can now distribute their music online rather than just in shops. This will save the customer time as they do not have to leave their home to find music. People are more likely to buy music or use music websites such as spotify to listen to the artists music as they can listen to one or two specific songs rather than having to go into the shop and buying the whole album. This means artist singles are more likely to get to number one and more people will hear of it.

Exchange
The record label will benefit from new media technology in exchange as they can advertise their music through the internet. The artist can advertise things such as concerts through their websites and through youtube over adverts. You can also purchase their music through their website. The customer is likely to enjoy this way of purchasing music because they are certified that it is their music and they can find all the music they are looking for from Domino record label. Customers can also buy their music over itunes which is a quick and easy way of finding music for cheaper prices and in the comfort of their own home. This is also a good thing because they customer can instantly get the music and will not have to wait to buy the music, meaning the artist and label will also benefit.

Domino record label does not feature on the Radio One playlist. This is likely to be because the artists which have been signed to Domino record label are not majorly famous and are not well know. The radio will therefore not play the label as they only play well known songs which their audience will know and enjoy.
However, Domino record label is played on other stations such as Absolute, Kerrang and Cool FM. These radios are less known and most likely have a different style of music to well known radio stations.
There are multiple TV stations which support Domino but not many. For example, BBC, VEVO, Domino publishing and Domino All-in all support Domino. These are not very well known stations (apart from BBC) which is the same as the radio stations. These TV stations are likely to be the only ones to use Domino record label music because the music is not very well known and most audiences will not be interested in hearing it because it is different from all chart music.
Domino has its own website which streams its music. This is so that the label can advertise themselves and audiences which are interested in the artists can find music. Domino also has artists music on youtube. This is a good way of getting their music across to audiences for free. Having music on Youtube could also advertise their music as it could come up as recommendations when on other music videos.

The arctic monkeys are an artist which are on Domino record label and have been played on Last Fm. They are one of the more well known artists from Domino and therefore have a lot of listeners on Last FM radio. From this screenshot you can see that there have been nearly 3million listeners, showing that they are quite popular. The website shows that the similar artists are The Last Shadow Puppets, Alex Turner, Miles Kane, The Strokes, Jake Bugg and The Vaccines. These artists produce the same style of music as the arctic monkeys but are also not majorly well known. 

The junior boys are also an artist which have been played on Last FM. However, as a less well known artist they have not been listened to as much as other artists such as the arctic monkeys and have only have almost 416,000 listeners. The similar artists which are recommended on Last FM Kelley Polar, The Juan Maclean, Hot Chip, Erland OYE, Hercules and Love affair and Matthew Dear. These artists are not very well know, like the Junior boys but those that listen to this genre of music are likely to enjoy these other artists music.

The arctic monkeys have had over 6,000,000 downloads from iTunes. This shows that although the music genre is not in the charts and they are not as well known as other artists they still do well with selling their music. 

On Youtube, one of the arctic monkeys more recent videos has been shown to have nearly 54 million views. This shows that Youtube is the best way to get artists music to the audience and Domino can benefit from using Youtube to get their artists music out into the public and get it well know. 

Domino have also set up their own youtube account to promote less popular artists music such as Junior boys. Although they are not very well know this example has still had nearly 2 million views, showing again that Youtube is a good way of getting artists music to the audience. 

Domino do supply some music festivals with artists. An example of an artist which has been supplied to music festivals is Arctic Monkeys. The arctic monkeys have are performing at the Firefly music festival and Reading and Leeds festivals which are quite big festivals. This shows that independant labels can get their artists to large festivals meaning the artist is well known. 

Domino was founded by Laurence Bell and Jacqui Rice and is based in London. Domino record label has around 35 artists working for them.
As a large independant label, Domino have marketing, legal, creative and production departments. However, despite it being a large independent label it does not have any connections with a famous club. 
It is likely that Domino will accept demos by post or electronic demos, however if you were considering it you would have to check with them first. 

Production:
Domino produces CDs to sell to the customers as it is the latest technology where the customer can physically own the music. Domino is a record label which sells their CDs on its website as it is easy and people will find the music they are looking for from the label. 
Although Domino is a big independent label they do not own their own recording studio. This is likely to be because they are independent so not as financially capable as major labels and they can find other arrangements to get their artists to record in a studio. 
The company itself does not produce merchandise for the artists. This means if the artist wanted to have merchandise produced they would have to create it themselves without the help of the label. 

Marketing:
Domino uses social networking and media to promote their artist. This would include facebook, twitter, radio and the television. Domino also have a Youtube and a myspace account. The Myspace account is not limited in the UK. There are also links which connect the artists to the record label. The Youtube account includes music videos from artists in working for the record label, album trailers, links to artists, audio videos and remixes. 
The press talk positively about the artists on the record label and promote the artist. However I could not find many articles about the record label or artists on them. This is most likely due to the fact it is an independent label and many of the artists have not been heard of before. This would mean that the press are not as interested in them because it will not suit the public's needs. 

Distribution and Exchange:
Domino records sell some of their music in HMV. The average price for these are £10-15 in stores. Shops such as ASDA and TESCO  are also likely to sell some artists music from domino record label. However, the artists music is most often sold online on shopping websites such as amazon, artist websites or the domino records website. iTunes also stocks songs produced by artists on Domino. By having songs sold online and on iTunes gives the independent label an advantage as people may become more aware of their music and they are also more likely to buy certain songs and music produced. Domino has embraced new media technology because of this reason by selling music online and on iTunes. 
To get more of a web presence Domino could advertise more through sites such as twitter, youtube and facebook. They could create more teaser videos to get people interested and put these out onto the internet on social media pages. 

Looking at past papers

I looked into past papers to see what is expected from examiners. 

For Tv drama I got this from the  'January 2012' past paper;

Then I looked at the music industry area;

Case Study - Sony and their reaction to online media

Sony - SyCo - X Factor

Case Study - Would I lie to you? Link this to one direction

Linking the would I lie to you case study to one direction it is easy to see that XFactor helps older songs hit the charts both the new and old versions.
One direction is also the new hit group with a contract to SyCo, who is own by sony.
SyCo runs XFactor, a programs that is almost like free advertisement for music.
This showing how majors uses their Subsidiary Labels to help promote their old music, that they get royalities for.
This showing how majors, specifically sony, has adapted to the new technological world of music.

Easter Case Study Homewok - Domino Recording Co.

Independent Labels vs Major Labels

The Independent Label that I have chosen is the label Domino.

Research into Domino

Ownership Research

Production Research

Marketing Research

Distribution and Exchange Research

Tempa

LOGO

Twitter Page

https://twitter.com/TEMPAAAAAA

Tumblr

http://tempaaaaaaa.tumblr.com/

Instagram

http://instagram.com/tempaaaaaaa

YouTube account

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKJM3dw9KsOnSqTheciB6FQ

Website 
http://tempaa111.wix.com/tempa

Song

Music Video

The Music Industry

Starter - Sex Pistols and their song E.M.I

 - At there time was the biggest punk band in the world
 - Did there own version of god save the queen
    - Anti-establishment
    - Anarchy
 - Had a problem with record companies as they represented things like;
    - Order
    - Control etc
 - EMI
     - Money grabbing
     - Selfish
     - Sealing their money

Find examples and define

Distribution
 - This is the next stage after production.
 - Distribution is in charge of marketing, production and pricing.
 - They can be independent or apart of a label, depending on if they work for a major or a
    indie label
- Kudos Distribution Company 
   - Independent Company
Copyright
 - In terms of music it either belong to the artist or the major record label
 - There are many laws in order to protects those that own stuff under copyright
 - In itself it is a law
Royalties
 - Is what the artist or company gets paid after a song gets played on the TV, or when the song is
   bought on Itunes
 - Commission
 - You don't get lot in Royalties unless it is used in something really massive
A & R (Artist & Repertoire)
 - They are apart of a company that looks for new music talent
 - They also act as the 'middle man' between the artists and companies (Record Labels)
Sampling
 - This is where you take a part of a song already recorded and use it for an instrument in your song
 - Hip hop Genre uses this
Peer to peer
 - People share music with one another
 - People of similar ages and music sharing music.
    - Sharing files over the internet
    - CD's
    - Put itunes music on CD and share
Major record label
 - There are 3 major companies
 - They run most of the music industry
 - Sony
Subsidiary label
 - Labels within a major
 - Start out as independents then gets bought by major
 - They aren't associated with the major
 - Sycho is a subsidiary of Sony
Independent label
 - An indie label that gives artists more freedom over their music than majors
 - Without funding
 - Set up by artists or their friends
 - Domino

Music Piracy Lesson

Contemporary Media

In our global age we are able to see and hear events as they occur around the world. We can access and engage with information at any time in many forms. Modern media is, in its very nature, instant, accessible and multimodal, and as such provides more opportunities than ever before for students to engage and interact with, as well as compose and publish, media.

Starter - How do institutions sell their products to audiences in contemporary media? List 3 ways

1) Popup adds

2) Adds before videos on the internet that you have to watch a few minuets of.

3) Having a page on a social networking site and advertising things on them that would come up on follower or followers of followers pages (Twitter).

Writing Task

How do institutions sell their products to audiences in contemporary media?

Traditional Sales

Traditional sales would be advertising on everyday items that the target audience would use. Advertisement at bus stops.

Digital

In digital sales institutions would us advertisements such as popups and advertisements on the side of a webpage

Combatting Piracy

To combat piracy on certain sights such as YouTube there is ways that remove videos due to things like piracy. However in order to do anything about piracy in the cinemas there is no recording allowed, websites can be removed due to the copyright infringement act.
Streaming

Streaming is a way to view videos online and more popular way among the younger generation. There are many different online sites to do this however they either cost money or the free accounts become blocked.

Research Homework - Madeon, Prosumers and PDE

Research into;

Madeon
Pop culture video
Madeon is obviously a video maker that makes older music seem new by mixing them up and makes it seem new and funny with a new video. This video at the beginning plays all the music that the younger generation of today would listen to and clearly calls it 'horrible'. The music video then goes into showing people both old and young dancing, enjoying the music till they fill like collapsing.

Research
Hugo Pierre Leclerq, Madeon is his stage name. He is 19 years of age. He is a frenchhouse/ electrohouse/ nu-disco/ pop producer. He has asscoiated acts with people like Lady Gaga. He started becoming famous after his popculture remix reached millions of views on youtube within days, subsequently because of this he know has millions of fans. He makes his world famous music using Novation Launchpad and keyboard.

Prosumers
A consumer who becomes involved with designing or customizing products for their own needs. This means that the customer becomes directly involves with the production of the produce which they wish to buy.
PDE
PDE is short for, Production, Distribution and Exchange.

Digital media technology continues to develop. How is this significant for media institutions and audiences?

The fact the digital media technology continued to develop is very significant for audiences as it gives them limitless opportunities to audiences as it allows them to get more from there favourite artist or band rather than music. This is through things like social networking. This allows the audience to see the latest thing going on with there artists and there latest releases with free advertising. Distributors only really have to do half a job in this new age of technology, this can either make there lives easier and harder. Word will spread fast at the idea of a new album coming out with a new popular artists so it saves them money from advertising and as everything is done online it doesn't cost for CD's. However the internet can be bad in the sense that it allows people to get the music they want, for free. The distributors don't get there money in, soon there will not be any distributors so from the production there would be nothing to get it out. But people, with new more advanced technology don't really need it. They can do there own recordings in there garage with the same quality that comes from a production company so the rate that digital media technology continues to develop there won't be any institutions left so its impact is very significant. 

Discuss the issues raised by media ownership in the production and exchange of media text?

The primary issues that are raised by media ownership is the internet and piracy. The internet in its self however is a piracy. Music is uploaded to sights like YouTube then, using the other sites exported onto the ones using it get free MP3 files of anymusic of their choice. There are many other sites like this, allowing the younger generation and now even the older generation to get free music, whenever they want and in anyform they want. This is the latest form of media ownerhip. People don't want CD's that take up space. This is the problem with media ownership, the younger generation have the idea branded into their head that production companies have so much money they wouldn't miss, after years of this idea the money that used to be spent starts to dwindle. This then affects the older generation that as they then too start to take on this idea that production companies are swimming in money and why should they too not download free music after they have spent a lifetime buying it?

This is the problem with media ownership as now everyone now believes that they have a right to everything, especially music as it is almost handed to them on the silver platter that is the internet.

 

Madeon, Prosumers, PDE and musicopoly - H/W

Madeon - A French house/electro-house/nu-disco/pop producer. He gained popularity by posting one of his videos onto youtube, which consequently got millions of hits within the first few days. He is signed to the record labels popcultur, Ultra and Columbia. He is 19 and made his first hit in 2011 (age 16) but he started composing music at the age of 11. During live performances, apart from launchpads, he uses Novation's Zero SL MK11, FL Studio and Ableton live. He has an international audience. 

Prosumers - Consumers who become involved in designing/customising products (music) for their own needs.

PDE - Production, Distribution, Exchange/Exhibition.
Production involves the creation of the media product and is the Production company's responsibility. This can be done once the artist/producer has found the funding which could come from a parent (umbrella) corporation.
Distribution includes the prints (physical copies of an album and finding the exhibitors/retailers to sell them) and marketing (raising audience awareness and anticipation of the new release). Distribution is now very easy thanks to the Internet as there are many different way to access music through the Internet, such as YouTube, illegal downloads etc. 
Exhibition includes home (the distributor is paid by the company who is selling the product in their store, for example HMV), iTunes, Amazon, Spotify, etc. It is also exhibited through non-profitable means to make the audience want to buy their product, this is done through radio, TV, adverts, music videos. A lot of exhibition is now done through the Internet rather than physical shops. Exhibition can also be done through concerts and festivals. 

Digital media technology continues to develop. How is this significant for media institutions and audiences?

In the past, most people would buy CDs in store and listen to that through a CD player or downloaded it to their MP3 player or iPod. However, people now often illegally download their music straight to their music device or use free websites such as YouTube or Spotify. Being able to this is a good for the audience as they are still able to listen to what music they want and for free. Being able to download music for free is also quick and easy meaning the audience is not going to any extra hassle to download a song that they like. However, this is not god for the media institutions. The artist and record label will be losing out on money because they are no longer getting paid as much for their music. They then have to find other ways of getting consumers to pay for their work or to get some sort of income, such as festivals and concerts. Due to the loss of profit that the artist and record label are receiving may cause them to resign from the music industry, meaning the artist will lose out on music because of their illegal downloads. But because the audience have already started to illegally download they are not likely to begin to pay for music because they know that they can get it just as quickly and easily for free.
 It is not only music which suffers from this but films as well. Audiences are also likely to watch movies online for free. Due to illegally downloading of music and films, stores are also likely to go out of business. A good example of this is Blockbusters. Ever since online downloading has becoming popular stores such a blockbusters are no longer needed so therefore go out of business. The loss of a store such as this is a loss to the media institution as well as the audience. The media institution is losing out on somewhere to distribute their product meaning they will have to find somewhere else to distribute to. The audience is also losing out on a store which was once considered great because of their illegal downloads, causing stores to go out of business.

Discuss the issues raised by media ownership in the production and exchange of media texts

One of the issues raised by media ownership to do with production could be that the owners do not own enough money to be able to produce good music videos, good editing etc. Having bad quality products will the make it harder in the future steps of the product as less people will be interested in investing in the product. Another issue could be producing a product which will sell well. The artist and record label will have to produce something unique and eye-catching so that people will be interested and buy it. However they cannot be too adventurous as the audiences like predictable products. 

Media ownership also has some issues within the exchange of media texts. One of the issues with exchange is that a lot of people now do not pay for the music that they buy, causing the artist and record label to lose out on profit. Another issue could be that the owners do not know where they could exhibit their product and may have trouble finding a store or website to exhibit the product. 

Parent Interview

The major differences between a major and an independent record company

Things Wrong With the Music Industry

Stater Video, Head of A&R Records;

 - People make their own videos
 - Indie Record Labels
 - Start at Indie and work there way up to Major
 - Some people don't actually need recording labels.

What is a record label? Research

A record label is a brand and/or a trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. Often, a record label is also a publishing company that manages such brands and trademarks; coordinates the production, manufacture, distribution, marketing, promotion, and enforcement of copyright for sound recordings and music videos; conducts talent scouting and development of new artists ("artists and repertoire" or "A&R"); and maintains contracts with recording artists and their managers. The term "record label" derives from the circular label in the center of a vinyl record which prominently displays the manufacturer's name, along with other information.

What is a record label?

A Record Label is the main association with music. However a record label is more than the face of music. Recording Labels can be split into Production, Distribution, Marketing, Promotion, Enforcement of copy right, Talent scouts. These make sure that the music gets the type of promotion that it needs in order to make money.  Record labels pass the music on to distrubtors. Without them the music would not be made into CD's and be sold. The money from selling the CD's then go into advertising.

 Cross-media convergence? Research

Difference types of media that have been combined in order to make both media get greater promotion. It refers to different platforms of media.

What is Digi Modernism? Research

Cultural effect of new technology. It's the impact of computerization on texts and the arts. It's a whole new cultural paradigm, the successor to postmodernism which bit the dust around the turn of the millennium.

Its the cultural effects on new technologies. Digimodernism is the revised name for what used to be called pseudo-modernism. It's a whole new cultural paradigm, the successor to post modernism which bit the dust around the turn of the millennium.

Cranford - representation of social class

The first scene of this clip is of a young boy in a forest. It is clear from the moment we see this boy that he is underclass. We can see this because his costume is old and worn which shows he cannot afford luxury clothing and he is also not wearing any shoes. As an underclass boy he is not likely to care for his appearance and from the clothes he is wearing this theory is supported. His costume is this shot reinforces the stereotype of underclass in a negative way as it is clear he is not bothered about his appearance and wears rags as he cannot afford nice clothing. A medium long shot has been used in this shot to be able to show the clothing in which the boy is wearing and to also show the location. The location is in a forest which implies that the boy either lives there or works there. This would also make us think he is underclass because he and his family cannot afford a home in the town/village/city. This again would reinforce the stereotype of underclass as negative because it is likely that they have a small shack-like property as their home. The soundtrack also used in this shot is also quite tense, suggesting that the underclass boy is in a dangerous area and is not safe. This may be because of work he may be doing or just the area in which he lives in. This will also reinforce the stereotype of underclass as negative because the young boy has to work/live in dangerous areas and is not concerned for his safety. 

The next scene is of the family in their home. The shot is dark and dull which will make the audience feel sympathy for the family. This lighting shows how the family are underclass as they cannot afford an attractive and colourful home, as well as not being able to afford electricity. The lighting of this shot reinforces the stereotype of underclass as negative because they cannot afford simple necessities such as electricity and lighting. The dialogue used in this scene also suggests that the family is underclass. They have Northern accents, the young boy also calls his father 'dada' which is a very childish way of referring to his father. The father also tells his son that 'education is not for everyone'. All of these uses dialogue are stereotypical of underclass as they suggest uneducated. The underclass during this era are likely to be uneducated because they cannot afford an education. The dialogue of this scene therefore reinforces the stereotype of uneducated underclass. The appearance of the father is like the son as he is scruffy and it is clear he does not look after himself properly as he has a long beard, long hair and old, rough clothes. This tells us that they are poor and cannot afford to look after themselves but are also less likely to be worried about how they look. The fathers's appearance reinforces the negative stereotype of the underclass and not bothered about appearance and poor. The use of the boots as a birthday present also show the families underclass. Boots are an everyday item which people are likely to buy for no reason, however in this situation the family have treated their son to them. This would be because the family cannot afford necessity items, including boots. The boots therefore reinforce the stereotype. The use of shot reverse shot in this shot add conflict between the father and his son. The shot reverse shot is used when the father is shouting at his son due to him trying to educate himself. This has been used to show the conflict between the family and how the underclass family are broken. This reinforces the stereotype of underclass as negative and the family are broken. 

The next scene is again of the young underclass boy walking through the forest, just as the first scene. As the young boy emerges from the forest the shot begins to light up as though he is leaving the dark forest of underclass life. There is then an extreme long shot of a large, white house. An extreme long shot has been used to show the distance between the underclass family life in the forest and the upper class life in a large house. This is been done to separate the two social classes. This shot reinforces the stereotype of upper class as above the other classes and therefore separate. As the boy progresses towards the house and is closer to the house, the shot gets lighter. As the boy reaches the house and enters the camera is handheld and as though it is from the view of the underclass boy. The use of POV makes the shot look dream like and therefore the luxury of the greenhouse of the upper class. This would suggest that the upper class have a much better lifestyle than the underclass and the underclass boy sees their home as a heaven. This also reinforces the stereotype of upper class as positive as they have a 'heavenly' home and the stereotype of underclass as negative because they do not have anything and see normal items as luxury. The idea of the upper class house as heavenly is also shown through the soundtrack in the shot. The soundtrack is calm and slow, almost angelic. This is to support the idea of the upper class house being amazing and heavenly. This again reinforces the positive stereotype of upper class and the negative stereotype of underclass. 

The next scene then shows the upper class man finding the underclass boy in his home. The first shot of this is only of the feet of the upper class man. Although this shot does not show the full costume of the upper class man we can tell he is upper class. This is because he is wearing shiny leather boots, with beige trousers tucked in and also using a cane whilst walking. The costume shows how he can afford luxury clothing and looks formal. We then see his full costume of a long coat, waistcoat and top hat. This whole outfit is stereotypical for a rich upper class man as the upper class are likely to care more about their appearance than underclass. Now we have seen his costume we can see the contrast between upper class and underclass and how their stereotypes differ. As the upper class man takes the underclass boy to his office we can hear the non-diegetic sound of a horse. This has been included in the shot because the ownership of a horse would suggest wealth and therefore upper class. This reinforces the stereotype of upper class. 

The scene of the under class boy and the upper class man in his office show the conflict between the two. The furniture is made as key props in this scene as they show the upper class man's wealth. The furniture is leather or wooden which can be seen as expensive items. These have been used to show the wealth of the upper class man and reinforces his stereotype. There is also a medium long shot of the scene. This shot sets apart the distance of the underclass boy and the upper class man. This is because the two are so different in lifestyles and are often not seen to be associated with each other. This shot reinforces the stereotype as it has shown the distance between the two. The young boy quotes a bible quote to the upper class man in this scene. This then shocks the upper class man as the stereotype of underclass is uneducated. The underclass boy also says how he would like an office because of all of the words. Saying both these things implies that he likes education and is somewhat educated. This challenges the stereotype of underclass because this boy is seen as educated.

The next scene is an outside shot of the house. The shot of the house is an extreme long shot to show the size of the house and also people in the scene. The shot includes a butler standing in the background. This has been done to show the wealth of the upper class family  and reinforce their stereotype. 

45 minutes ran out.

Issues regarding the ownership

Class starter

Would you sign up with a large co-operation? How long would you sign up for?

 - 2 years maximum but preferable 1 year

    - Pros 

       - Most artists only have a big break/ breakout for a few years maximum

       - Gives you enough time to have a steady income and think about renewal

       - Commitment

          - You might want a break after a while 

    - Cons 

       - Alot can happen in such a short amount of time

     

Members of your group is in rehab. What would you do?

 - Remix old singles

 - Go solo

 - The company

    - Pay you off

    - Court

       - Say that the band is in breach of contract as they have split up

       - Lawyers 

Examples of cases that have had huge contractual legal argument;

 - Michael Jackson, American Idol Stars, Beatles etc

    - Sony

 - Apple and Samsung

How would you make money from a music video?

 - Royalties 

 - Be part of the contract

 - Partnership with the company

   - You make the videos with their funding and the split the profit 

   - Full pay out

 - Make the video, show the company what you could do and make a contract agreement

 - Shares